Cold water supply
Under the Water Supply Regulations 1999: every dwelling is required to have a wholesome water supply system, and this should be provided in sufficient quantities for the needs of the user, and at a temperature below 20℃. The most important place to provide drinking water in dwellings is at the kitchen sink. However ,because there is a likelihood that all taps in dwelling will be used for drinking, they should all be connected in such a way that the water remains in potable condition. This means that all draw-off taps in dwellings should either be connected direct from the mains supply, or from a storage cistern that is protected. If no such location exists, drinking water should be provided near but not in toilet. However . drinking water fountains may be installed on toilet area, provided they are sited well away from WCs and urinals and comply with the requirements of BS 6465: Part 1 .
冷水供应下供水1999年规定:每一个住宅都是需要有一个健康的供水系统,这应提供足够数量的用户的需要,在温度低于20℃。最重要的地方提供饮用水的住所是在厨房的水槽。然而,因为有一个可能性,所有水龙头住宅将用于饮酒,他们都应该以这样一种方式连接,水仍在饮用条件。这意味着所有抽出水龙头在住宅应该是直接从电源供应连接,或从存储水箱保护。如果没有这样的位置存在,但不是在厕所附近应提供饮用水。然而。饮用水喷泉可以安装在卫生间面积,只要他们远离WCs款项和小便池和符合要求
In such cases any drinking water must be supplied from a „protected‟ drinking water cistern or from a drinking water header.
Where a water softener of the base exchange type is installed, it is recommended that connections for drinking water are made upstream of the softener so they do not receive softened water. The Department of Health recommends that unsoftened drinking water should be available for infant feed preparation and to assist recommendation to reduce sodium intake in the general population.
在这种情况下,任何从„保护饮用水必须提供“饮用水水箱或饮用水头。软水器的安装基础交易类型,建议连接饮用水是由上游的柔软剂,所以他们不能获得软化水。卫生部建议unsoftened饮用水应该用于婴儿备料和协助建议减少钠的摄入。
Water may be supplied to cold taps either directly from the mains via the supply pipe or indirectly from a protected cold water storage cistern. In some cases a combination of both methods of supply may be the best arrangement.
水可能会提供给冷水龙头直接从电源通过冷水供应管道或间接从一个受保护的存储水箱。在某些情况下这两种方法的结合的供应可能是最好的安排
A supply „direct‟ from the mains is preferred because water quality from storage cannot be guaranteed. However , pressure reliability of the mains supply should be considered especially where connections are made near to the ends of distributing mains. Where constant supply pressure may be a problem , storage should be considered.
从电源供应„直接”是首选的,因为水从存储无法保证质量。然而,压力应考虑电源供应
的可靠性尤其是在连接附近分布电源的结束。在持续的供应压力可能是一个问题,应该考虑存储。
Factors to consider when designing a cold water system should be taken into the available pressure and reliability of supply, particularly where any draw-off point is at the extreme end of a supply pipe or situated near the limit of main pressure. In the case of buildings, the water consumption is likely to be similar to that of a dwelling. For larger buildings, such as office blocks, hostels and factories it will usually be preferable for all water, except drinking water, to be supplied indirectlyfrom cold water storage cisterns. Drinking water should be taken directly from the water supplier‟s main wherever practicable.
因素时要考虑设计一个冷水系统应该考虑可用的供应压力和可靠性,特别是任何抽出点极端的供应管道或位于靠近主要的极限压力。在建筑物的情况下,水消费可能是类似于一个住所。对于较大的建筑物,如办公大楼、旅馆和工厂将所有水通常是可取的,除了饮用水、供应indirectlyfrom冷水储水箱。饮用水应采取直接从水供应商”年代主要在可行的。
Pipeline system should conform to national or European standard as appropriate. The system should be designed to ensure that the quality of potable water in system does not deteriorate. Precautions should be taken to prevent risk of contamination through backflow , stagnation, cross connection or any other cause. System outside buildings should generally be designed for a life of at least of 50 years although replacement or renovation of components such as pumps, meters and controls may need earlier attention.
管道系统应符合国家或欧洲标准。系统应该被设计来确保饮用水的质量系统不恶化。应采取预防措施,以防止污染的风险通过回流,停滞,交叉连接或任何其他原因。系统外建筑设计一般应至少50年的生活虽然更换或改造部件,如泵、仪表和控制之前可能需要关注。
Service pipe diameter should be determined by hydraulic calculation after consultation with the consumer and the water supplier. This is particularly important in the case of nondomestic users where design requirements may create greater demands on the available supply. Calculation should also take into account any future supply needs that might be expected. In premises where water for firefighting purposes is required, the local fire service should be consulted and relevant regulations complied with.
服务管直径应与消费者协商后由水力计算和水供应商。这是特别重要的在非本国的情况下用户设计要求可能会产生更大的可用的供应需求。计算还应该考虑到任何可能的未来的供应需求。在消防用水目的的前提是必需的,当地消防服务应该咨询和遵守有关规定。
Pipelines should be designed to accommodate thermal movement. Particular attention should be given to the difference in temperature during installation compared to the expected temperature when filled and in use. Considerable stress can occur in pipelines where insufficient expansion joints are inserted. This can be a particular problem when plastics pipes are pulled through the ground by ,mole plough when stresses caused by „stretching‟ are combined with those of contraction through cooling.
管道设计应适应热运动。应特别注意在安装过程中温度的差异相比,预期的温度了,使用
时。相当大的压力可以发生在管道伸缩缝不足在哪里插入。这可能是一个特定的问题当塑料管道通过地面,摩尔犁时强调„拉伸造成的“通过冷却结合的收缩。
The design layout for below ground water systems will depend on local circumstances, but in all cases consideration should be given to the following:
设计布局地下供水系统将取决于当地的情况下,但在所有情况下,应该考虑以下:
1. Adoption of shortest practical rout to allow reasonable access for maintenance;
2. Minimum depth of cover for frost penetration and the maximum depth of cover for ease of repair;
3. Location of other services, buildings and structures. Minimum distances should be maintained between water, other services and buildings;
4. Provision and location of valves, air valves, washouts and hydrants where appropriate;
5. Pipe materials and corrosion protection systems in aggressive or
contaminated soils;
6. Adverse ground conditions and difficult terrain, earth loads and traffic loads;
7. Risk of damage to and from trees and tree roots;
8. Risk of damage to and from other utilities, works and apparatus.
1。采用最短的溃败,允许合理访问维护;2。最低的深度覆盖霜渗透和覆盖的最大深度为便于修理;3。其他服务的位置、建筑和结构。之间的最小距离应保持水,其他服务和建筑;4。提供和阀门的位置、空气阀、褪色和在适当的地方龙头;5。管道材料和防腐系统积极的或被污染的土壤;6。不利的地面条件和复杂地形,地球和交通负荷;7。损坏的风险和树木,树根,8。损坏的风险和其他公用事业、工作和仪器。
Where the height of the building lies above statutory level or when the available pressure is insufficient to supply the whole of a building and the water supplier is unable to increase the supply pressure in the supplier‟s mains, consideration should be given to the provision of a pump. Where the pump delivers 0.12 l/s the water undertake must be notified and written consent obtained before the pump is fitted. It is important that the water supplier is consulted and written consent received before fitting any pump. The water supplier will wish to ensure that Water Regulation are complied with respect of backflow risk, and that any pump will not have adverse effects on the mains and other users.
建筑的高度所在高于法定水平或者当可用压力不足以供应整个建筑和水供应商无法增加供应商的供应压力”电源,应该考虑提供一个泵。在泵送0.12 l / s水进行之前必须获得通知和书面同意泵安装。水是很重要的,供应商咨询并书面同意之前收到配件任何泵。水供应商将希望确保法规遵从尊重回流的风险,任何泵不会影响电源和其他用户。
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