I. Vocabulary (30%)
Section 1: From the list of words at the top, select the correct word or phrase for each blank space. Use each word or phrase only once (15%).
skin and bones sit out indulge in susceptible to erectness hamlets sanctuary slashing agonizing unabated doused blasts marooned dogmatic unfathomable
1. The children huddled in the ________ rain within the circle of adults. 2. They came to ________ the storm with the Koshaks. 3. With two walls in their bedroom _________ beginning to disintegrate, John ordered everyone to leave.
4. The generator was _________, and the lights were out. 5. Then for the first time I noticed the poor old bodies reduced to ________. 6. The enlistment craze continued _________. 7. One wall began crumbling on the _________ group. 8. What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and less _______________standardization. 9. Many other novelists, dramatists, poets, and critics directed sad and bitter _______ at their native land. 10. She had an _________ of carriage, an ease of bearing. 11. However intricate they ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not ___________ anything that deserves the name of conversation. 12. I have whirled through the malarious tidewater ________ of Goergia. 13. The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for ___________ theology. 14. What I allude to is the unbroken and __________ ugliness 15. They meet, in some _____________ ways, its obscure and unintelligible demands.
Section 2: From the list of words at the top, select the correct synonym for the underlined words or phrase in each sentence (15%)
depression systematically begged supported condition criticized according to narrow disappeared unbearable decaying set down troubled fiendish ignored
1. 2. 3. 4.
The plight condition of the human beings makes one’s blood boil. The men methodically systematically prepared for the hurricane. Grandmother Koshak implored, begged “Children, let’s sing”.
Business was suffering a recession depression that prevented the opening up of new jobs.
5. We can prop up supported that mattress with our heads and shoulders. 6. The novelists flayed criticized the Babbitts but loved their country. 7. It arises and flourishes in obedience to according to biological laws.
8. So tremendous was the storming of recruitment centers that harassed troubled sergeants actually pleased with volunteers to go home.
9. The spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated. disappeared
10. We had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial narrow morality. 11. The innumerable artists could never be written off ignored as sterile.
12. They made the stadium perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible unbearable penthouse, painted a starring yellow.
13. The same solemn oath our forebears prescribed set down nearly a century and three-quarters ago.
14. I have seen the mill towns of decomposing decaying New England and the desert of Utah.
15. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical.
fiendish
II. Paraphrase the following sentences. (20%) 1. We can batten down and ride it out.
2. Still, a white skin is always fully conspicuous. 3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place.
4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. 5. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. 6. They have taken as their model a brick on end
7. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality.
8. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.
9. Boy and man, I had been through it often before. 10.People with brown skins are next door to invisible.
III. Translate the following sentences (using the expressions given in the brackets. (20%)
1. In the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.
2. The rebellion of the lower class against a cultural dominance of the ruling class is still there.
3. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems that divide us.
4. The King’s English is no more than a class representation of reality.
5. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination – and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats. 6. 受到这样的待遇经过了好几个世纪后，他们已经不再为拥挤不堪而烦恼了。(cease)
7. 那座楼房改成学校了。(convert)
8. 一想到他们所挥霍的钱，我就火冒三丈。(infuriate) 9. 学会自律是成功道路上的第一步。(discipline) 10. 不要一起挤进电梯。(squash)
IV. Name the figures of speech used in the following sentences. (one in each sentence) (10%)
1. Several vacationers there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. 2. The conversation was on wings.
3. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
4. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.
5. These abominable houses cover the bare hillsides, like gravestones in some gigantic and decaying cemetery. 6. The country itself is not uncomely.
7. Liquor talks mighty loud when it gets loose from the jug. 8. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.
9. On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think.
10. We can gain knowledge, by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice. V. Proofreading and Error-Correcting (10%)
Directions: In the passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. Mark out the mistakes and put your corrections in the blanks provided. If you cross out a word, put a slash (/) in the blank. Please note that you are not going to look for any spelling errors.
Example
When art museum wants a new exhibit, it buys things in the finished form. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.
[1] an [2] the [3] exhibit
If you knew Casablanca 20 years ago and are to return today, you 1.
would be pleasantly surprised to find how a town can develop and
undergo
major changes and yet not lose its identity and the human dimension. Rapid growth has always been a feature of Casablanca, thus this has
never destroyed its balance. It is an industrial town and a major financial center, but it is also a tourist town who has its own specialized charm.
If businessmen choose to locate his head offices there, it is because it has most of the advantages of a city with few of the disadvantages. Its reputation as a conference and congress town has already been constantly shown and business is growing all the time.
Hence Casablanca has become the economic capital of the kingdom of Morocco. It fills a special position not just as the center of its region but also within the life of nation: currently it is an area of open demographic and economic concentration, thanks to a hinterland which has yet to be developed.
But despite all this, Casablanca is not saturated, His Majesty King Hassan II wanted the town to develop and yet remain master of its own development.
This is why it has been given an administrative structure which is
originated but which has the lofty mission of making it a model town, one that must jealously preserve its historical and cultural legacy. It is from this oersoective that a major, totally intergrated developing plan has been specially conceived for the city so that it may welcome the 21 century with quite confidence.
2.
3.
4. 5.
6.________ 7.
8.
9.________ 10.________ VI. Reading comprehension. Read the following passage and answer the
questions by choosing the most appropriate choice. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)
About Conformity
By Dr. Russell M. Church
In the past few years the American public has been chided, perhaps more than usual, for being a collection of conformists. We have been accused of accepting our attitudes ready-made from the mass media or our local “opinion leaders,” rather than forming independent attitudes after critical consideration of the evidence.
It is charged that our wants as consumers are not our own but are dictated by Madison Avenue, or by the Joneses. We have been accused of behaving in accordance with the folkways of our organization rather than on the basis of international values. Even the self-consciously non-conformist beatnik has been accused of conforming to the standards of his group.
Some of those who make these charges of conformity may be under pressure to speak strongly about something to which no one could take exception, but others are sincerely concerned by the lack of independence among people in their attitudes, desires, and their behavior.
The first investigations of conforming behavior in a standard laboratory situation were those of Muzafer Sherif in 1935. These investigations made use of the autokinetic phenomenon, the fact that a stationary pinpoint of light in a totally dark room gives the appearance of moving. (Try it sometime-even though you know the light to be stationary it seems to be moving erratically.) Sherif asked subjects to judge the extent of this apparent movement. Alone a subject would become increasingly stable in his judgements, but there were considerable individual differences among subjects in the extent of movement that they reported. One subject might typically report movement of 8 or 10 inches and another might typically report movement of only 1 or 2 inches. When individuals with different norms were put together in a group of two or three there was a marked convergence in their judgements. Gradually, after 100 or more trials in a group, individuals who had established independent standards for the extent of movement agreed rather closely with one another. (Many subjects were influenced “unconsciously,” i.e., they were not aware that they were being influenced.) After these group norms had been formed, individuals when again judging the extent of movement alone, tended to keep the same group norms rather than revert to the norms they had previously established as individuals. The degree of conformity within a group was even greater for subjects who had not previously had the opportunity to judge the stimuli alone. Sherif concluded that the judgements of the others of the extent of movement had a marked effect on the judgements of the
subject. With this study he established the autokinetic phenomenon as a standard laboratory task for the study of factors affecting the amount of conformity.
Quite naturally, the autokinetic phenomenon has been criticized as an unnatural task to use in the study of conformity. The subject is in a totally dark room, an unstructured situation with no frames of reference. He does not even know the size of the room or the distance between himself and the source of light. With so few cues to distance, the extent of movement is certainly ambiguous. Is it possible to demonstrate conformity in an unambiguous situation?
Consider an individual asked to state which of three lines is equal to some standard line in length under conditions that never (or almost never) would lead a subject alone to make an error. Would an individual parrot the group judgement if all the members of a group were to make the same erroneous judgement, even when that judgement is obviously contrary to fact? This was the problem originally posed by Solomon Asch. The first eight subjects to speak (paid stooges of the experimenter) sometimes unanimously selected an erroneous line. What did the ninth subject do when confronted by a unanimous, but erroneous, majority? In about one-third of the cases the naive subject made an error in the direction of majority.
The conforming subjects were interviewed after the experiment, and some said that they had made an error in action only, e.g., they knew that their response was an error, but they went along with the majority anyway. Others said that they had made an error in judgement, e.g., they believed that their perceptions were wrong after hearing the response of the majority. Still others said that they had made an error in perception, e.g., they actually saw the stimuli the way the majority had reported them to be. Regardless of the cause of the errors, one must be impressed by the strength of the pressures to conformity when they can make people agree to propositions which are obviously contrary to fact.
With this study of the judgement of length of lines in groups, Asch had established another standard laboratory task for the study of factors affecting the amount of conformity. As in the case of the autokinetic situation, replications of this study have been uniformly successful, there have been improvements in technique, and there have been numerous studies of factors relevant to the amount of conformity. Some of these are the size of the majority (which has an increasing effect only up to about three individuals) and the unanimity of the majority (which is crucial).
The increase in understanding of conformity proceeds at a most gradual pace. There was a time when it was only possible to describe conforming behavior. Now, following the establishment of laboratory demonstrations of conformity, there are extensive parametric investigations of the factors affecting the amount of conformity. But this will not be the final stage. Almost certainly the body of knowledge regarding conformity will be integrated with the general theories of behavior that are emerging from radically different situations.
We may be as conforming now as we were a few years ago, although it certainly seems we are being less often and less viciously attacked for it now. The accusations have passed their peak, and may disappear for years, but they are certain to return. When the charges of conformity return we may not know the values involved in conformity any more surely than we do now, but we should know a little more about the nature of conformity, its determinants and its control.
1. Some people criticize Americans for being conformists because .
a. they feel that people need to think for themselves
b. they are afraid that the public tend to follow the self-consciously non-conformist beatnik
c. they feel that it is unnecessary for consumers to follow the fashion as
displayed on Madison Avenue
d. they feel it is harmful to accept the attitudes from the mass media or our local opinion leader
2. “Our wants are dictated by the Joneses.” The sentence means .
a. big corporations like the Joneses have such domineering influence on us consumers b. consumers like the Joneses are especially inclined to follow the fashion c. consumers are wanted by the Joneses
d. we buy more and better commodities in order to compete with our neighbors in material possessions
3. “Autokinetic” in this context means . a. self-moving
b. deceptive illusion c. fluid dynamics
d. conforming behavior
4. When a person sits in a totally dark room, and a stationary pinpoint of light is
turned on, . a. the person is unable to judge b. the light seems to be immobile
c. the light appears to be moving irregularly
d. nobody except psychologists can correctly describe the condition of the light 5. “Subject” in this context means . a. substance
b. the person who receives an experiment
c. the problem that is being studied by scientists d. an originating motive
6. When people were asked to judge singly the extent of movement of the
light, . a. they all reported eight or ten inches b. they tended to make similar judgements c. their answers varied considerably
d. the extent of movement reported averaged four or five inches 7. “Individuals with different norms” means . a. individuals who hold different attitudes toward the experiment
b. people whose judgements of the extent of movement of the light are different c. people with different social backgrounds
d. people who are asked to take part in the experiments on different occasions 8. All experiments reported tend to show that . a. group judgements are more accurate than single judgements
b. a single individual’s judgements produce a more accurate result than a majority or a group
c. a wrong majority will often cause a right individual to change his judgement d. a right judgement of an individual tends to influence the wrong judgement of a group
9. When a person has agreed with a majority judgement, .
a. he tends to return to his own judgement when given the opportunity
b. he will again change his judgement easily if asked to decide for a second time
c. he is seldom sure of himself in later judgement
d. he tends to stick to the group judgement
10. Muzafer Sherif’s experiment has been criticized because .
a. people are asked to demonstrate conformity in an ambiguous situation b. the room where the experiment is being made is too dark c. the autokinetic phenomenon is unscientific d. the source of light is undependable
高级英语第二册试卷库参考答案及评分标准（卷3）
I. Vocabulary (30%) (1分1题) Section 1
1． slashing 2． sit out 3． sanctuary 4． doused
5． skin and bones 6． unabated 7． marooned 8． susceptible to
9． blasts 10．erectness 11．indulge in 12．hamlets 13．dogmatic 14．agonizing 15．unfathomable
Section2 1. condition 2. systematically 3. begged 4. depression 5. supported 6. criticized 7. according to 8. troubled
9. disappeared 10. narrow 11. ignored]
12. unbearable 13. set down 14. decaying 15. fiendish
II． Paraphrase （20%） （2分1题） 1. We can make the necessary preparations
and survive the hurricane safely.
2. However, a white-skinned European is
always quite noticeable. However, people always notice any one with white skin. 3. Suddenly a miraculous change in the
conversation took place.
4. We will not allow any enemy country to
subvert this peaceful revolution which brings of progress to all our countries. 5. In fact a person who really enjoys and is
skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.
6. The model they followed in building their
houses was a brick standing upright.
7. Each town was proud that it had a group
of wild, reckless people , who lived unconventional lives.
8. These brick-like houses were made of
shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope. 9. As a boy and later when I was a
grown-up man, I had often traveled through the region.
10. People with brown skins are the most
invisible II. Translation （20%） （2分1题） 1. 过去那些企图骑上虎背为自己壮声势的
愚人结果都没能逃脱葬生虎腹的命运。 2. 下层人民对于统治阶级的文化专制还是
有一定的抵触情绪。
3. 让双方探究达成共识的问题，而不要在
引起分歧的问题上虚耗心力。 4. 标准英语只不过是某个阶级用来表达现
实的符号而已。
5. 这里的财富不计其数，多的几乎无法想
象 ――但是这里，人类的居所却如此令人厌恶，连一群无家可归的杂种猫都为之羞耻。
6. After centuries of this kind of treatment
they have ceased to bother about overcrowding。
7. That building has been converted into a
school.
8. It infuriates me to think of all the money
that they have wasted.
9. Learning to discipline oneself is the first
step on the road to success 10. Don’t squash into the lift together. IV. Figure of speech （10%）（1分1题） 1. transferred epithet 2. metaphor 3. antithesis 4. hyperbole 5. simile 6. litotes
7. personification 8. synecdoche 9. euphemism 10. parallelism
V. Proofreading (10%) 1. arewere 2. theits 3. thusbut 4. whowhich 5. histheir
6. of nationof the nation 7. thisthese 8. yet remainyet to remain 9. developingdevelopment 10.
st
2121
每小题1分，共10个小题，10分。每小题指出的错正确（符号使用正确、标示地方正确）给0.5分，改出的答案正确（拼写、大小写正确）给0.5分。
VI. Reading Comprehension (10%)
1-5 a d a c b 6-10 c b c d a
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