是多么重要了！这是写唱片工业改变的一篇文章：
Having previously fought losing battles against technological change, record executives have been quicker to embrace streaming’s surge. 词汇突破：1.losing battle 必败之仗
2.record executives 唱片公司的执行官们
注：用一批人代替一个产业和一个机构是议论文中常见的事情。 Banks= bankers
Real estate= property developers （房地产业）
在阅读的时候一定要注意他们说的话，其实就是代表一方的观点。 3.embrace 接受/支持
4.Stream=streaming：泛指流媒体技术。流媒体实际指的是一种新的媒体传送方式，而非一种新的媒体，是指采用流式传输的方式在Internet播放的媒体格式。 5．Surge 浪潮（常用来比喻某物的繁荣状态） 句子解析：当阅读中遇到比较长的非谓语或者独立主格结构的时候，一定拆分为独立的句子；这样能理清主谓宾的关系，避免掉进命题的陷阱中。
1.Record executives previously fought losing battles against technological change. 2.Record executives have been quicker to embrace streaming’s surge. 这样两句话之间的关系其实就可以看成是因果关系了。
参考译文：因为，之前，唱片公司的执行官们在和技术革新的对抗中，输掉了一场场必败的战役，所以现在他们更快的接受了流媒体的浪潮。
42、Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, ○
regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.”
词汇突破：1.特别注意suspect翻译成中文是怀疑，但是其实就是认为，只不过是相信的程度不是很确定，在阅读的时候：believe=suspect, 别再留言说，”这两个词怎么可能一样呢，我理解不了”, 不用理解哦，乖，我就告诉你了：阅读出题人默认这两个词是没有区别的！记住就好了，别闹。另外同理：doubt =don’t believe; ） 2. thermostat 调节器
这个句子我就要求大家切分为四个句子： 1.Researchers suspect that„
2.Dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat. 3.Dreams regulate moods 4.While the brain is off-line 1.研究认为„
2.梦是大脑的情绪调节器的一部分。 3.梦调节情绪。
4.当大脑下线的时候。
不要嫌简单，我写这些比写复杂句子的分析更麻烦；这真的很重要！
43、For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the ○
production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently.
词汇突破： philosophy理念(哲学)
the production ofhuge lots of cars 大规模生产汽车 Component-specific equipment 制造专用零件的设备 execute one operation 执行一步操作 efficiently 高效地
主干识别: The mass-production philosophy （of United States automakers 定语） encouraged the production of huge lots of cars
其他成分：in order to utilize fully expensive,component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers 目的状语
who have been trained to execute oneoperation efficiently.定语从句（who = workers）（翻译时可以单独成句）
参考译文：比如说，美国汽车制造商们的大规模生产的理念鼓励大规模生产汽车，目的是为了（不仅）能完全利用昂贵的制造专用零件的设备，而且一些工人经过培训可以高效的执行单一的操作，这样以来就能完全充分地利用这些工人时间。
44、有两个句子，第一个句子简单，第二个句子尝试着弄懂，只做切分，该成句子就成句○
子，不做细致的语法分析！签到过千给解析哦！加油！
1. The biggest robot news of 2013 was that Google bought eight promising robot startups. Rich and well led (by Andy Rubin, who masterminded the Android operating system) and with access to world-beating expertise in cloud computing and artificial intelligence, both highly relevant, Google’s robot programme promises the possibility of something spectacular—though no one outside the company knows what that might be. 词汇突破：startup 或者（start-up）创业公司 Promising 有前途的
Mastermind （作动词：掌管）
world-beating 天下无敌，举世无双的（或物） expertise专门技能；专门知识 cloud computing 云计算
artificial intelligence 人工智能
句子分析: The biggest robot news of 2013 was that Google bought eight promising robot startups.
这个句子简单，直接翻译就可以了：
2013年关于机器人最大的新闻那就是：谷歌购买了8家有希望的关于机器人项目的创业公司。
2.Rich and well led (by Andy Rubin, who masterminded the Android operating system) and with access to world-beating expertise in cloud computing and artificial intelligence, both highly relevant, Google’s robot programme promises the possibility of something spectacular—though
no one outside the company knows what that might be.
这个句子可以切分和还原为下面的句子： 1. Rich=Google’s robot programme is rich.
2. well led (by Andy Rubin, who masterminded the Android operating system) =Google’s robot programme is well led (by Andy Rubin, who masterminded the Android operating system) 3. with access to world-beating expertise in cloud computing and artificial intelligence=
Google’s robot programme is with access to world-beating expertise in cloud computing and artificial intelligence
4. both highly relevant=独立主格= cloud computing and artificial intelligence are highly relevant （both= cloud computing and artificial intelligence）
5.Google’s robot programme promises the possibility of something spectacular—though no one outside the company knows what that might be.
我能预料到一大波“各种强迫症”正在袭来，会问：rich 是怎么会事？ 其实这就是经济学人写作的特点，特别简洁，不拘泥于传统的语法；
作为读者，我们能做的就是切分和还原，不做细致的语法分析，因为有时候确实和传统语法冲突。
比如：这里的rich就被当成了一个状语;三者的并列用了两个and;
参考译文：谷歌的机器人项目经费充足，领导有方（安卓系统掌门人安迪罗宾亲自坐镇）,并且能获得世界一流的云计算和人工智能的专业知识，云计算和人工智能有很高的相关性，这样，其机器人项目就非常有希望研制出让人惊喜的产品，虽然公司外部的人士还不知道这样的产品可能会是怎么样的。
45、Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich ○
industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety. 词汇突破：odd staff 临时工
High on one’s agenda （排在某人日程表的前列）受到某人重视； data-rich 信息资源丰富 left ：leave的过去式； right：正确
put right：你可以直接理解为：搞正确，搞好。 同样可以将这个句子切分为三个句子：
1. left,until now, to odd,low-level IT staff to put right=状语
可以还原为： Information protection is left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right. A is left to B to put right. A被交给B来确保正确。 A=information protection B=IT staff
odd和low-level 是形容词修饰IT staff. until now做状语。 同理：
2.Information protection is seen as a concern only of data-ricih industries such as banking,
telecoms and air travel.
3.句子主干：Information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
这样句子的特征就是：在句子的开头放置若干个状语，而这些状语常常是由非谓语动词或者独立主格结构来充当的。根据我们在课程中对于相关知识点的讲解可以将非谓语动词或者独立主格结构还原为句子，主语就是句子的主语。所以在阅读的时候重点是找出句子主语！ 参考译文：迄今为止，信息保护工作一直被留给低等级的临时信息技术人员来负责，而且被认为是只有信息资源丰富的产业才关心的事务，比如银行业，电信业以及航空旅行业，但现在，信息保护则成为了各个行业的老板议事日程中优先考虑的事务。
46、Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and ○
perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
主干识别：并列句主干一：Television is one of the means.
并列句主干二：it has served to connect different peoples and nations
其他成分：并列句一中：by which these feelings are created and conveyed定语从句 并列句二中：to connect different peoples and nations状语一 never so much as in the recent events in Europe before.状语二 翻译点拨：词语的点拨： It served “起作用” Conveyed “传递” People “民族” Nation“国家”
电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。 主句一的处理：
定语从句可以前置翻译；
电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。 主句二的处理：
状语一：就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言；
状语二：在此之前（ before）„没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样，
参考译文：电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样，起过如此大的作用。
47、In Europe this process took a little longer, mainly because there were more small producers ○
for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive, and in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for a few more years (though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films). 主干识别：两个并列句：
第一个主句：this process took a little longer
In Europe 状语
mainly because there were more small producers 状语;
for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive定语修饰producers;
第二个主句：problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production 状语: for a few more years (though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films). 翻译点拨：词汇的处理
small producers 小型电影公司 Right 版权
access to equipment 获取设备
prohibitive 和价格和成本连用表示：价格昂贵 shift to sound production 往有声电影的转变 wired 接通了声音（根据上下文而来） 成分点拨：
In Europe this process took a little longer, 在欧洲这一过程花的时间会长一些； 再翻原因状语：
mainly because there were more small producers 主要是因为欧洲有更多的小型的电影公司， 接着翻定语从句：
for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive 对于他们来讲，音效的成本过于昂贵 接着翻下一个并列句：
in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for a few more years
在世界的其他地区，版权和获取设备而造成的问题将有声电影的出品推后了好几年。
参考译文：在欧洲这一过程花的时间会长一些，主要是因为欧洲有更多的小型的电影公司，对于他们来讲，音效的成本过于昂贵；在世界的其他地区，版权和获取设备而造成的问题将有声电影的出品推后了好几年。
48、Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some ○
respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
主干识别：并列句一：cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics
并列句二：many astrophysicists have been convinced that it is true
其他成分：并列一：状语 Odd though it sounds, though的用法和as的用法是一样的，都可以引起句子顺序的变换，调整后为：though it sounds odd 并列二：状语 for the better part of a decade 词汇处理：
cosmic inflation 宇宙膨胀说
scientifically plausible consequence 科学上可信的推论
respected idea 公认的理论
in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理学 convinced 相信
for the better part of a decade 七八年来 参考译文：虽然这个理论听起来很奇怪，但宇宙膨胀说却是从基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论中得出的从科学角度讲合理的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。
49、Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers ○
and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners:；and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
词汇突破：manipulation 操纵
Detached 分离，如果表示态度则是表示中立，不关心的；
主干识别：manipulation increased the numbers and importance of shareholders 主谓宾结构 其他成分：Such large, impersonal ，of capital and industry定语修饰manipulation as a class 定语修饰shareholder
an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners ；and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.整个是shareholder 的同位语。 其他成分：in national life； representing irresponsible wealth
detached from the land and the duties of the landowners:
and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business 都是定语修饰an element
难点揭秘：同位语中的三个后置定语造成了阅读的障碍。
参考译文：如此大规模地和非个人化地运作资金和产业，极大的增加了“股东”的数量和其作为一个阶级的重要性；他们是国民生活中代表不负责任的财富的一种元素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
50、Unlike the east coast, with its party machines and opaque movements of money, California’○
s love of direct democracy, which weakens parties and allows individuals to be recalled from office, was supposed to keep politicians honest. 词汇突破：opaque 不透明的
direct democracy直接民主。指公民直接参与、讨论、决定和管理国家与社会事务的民主形式。
be recalled from office 被弹劾
主干识别： California’s love of direct democracy was supposed to keep politicians honest. 其他成分： Unlike the east coast, 状语
with its party machines and opaque movements of money 状语（原因）
its=east coast’（指代一般是往前指代）
which weakens parties and allows individuals to be recalled from office 定语从句修饰主语（California’s love of direct democracy） 参考译文：加州与东部沿海各州是不一样的，因为在东部有政党的机器和不透明的资金流动，而加州对于直接民主的挚爱削弱了各党派的力量，使个人能直接被弹劾，进而被认为能使政客们保持诚实。
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