Organ TransplantationVol. 12 No.5Sep. 2021
·论著 临床研究·肝移植术后受者依维莫司血药浓度检测体系的建立
陶斯湄 黄际薇 李海波 张英才 杨扬
【摘要】 目的 建立测定肝移植受者全血中依维莫司浓度的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测体系。方法 用甲醇和硫酸锌沉淀样本蛋白质,以依维莫司-D4为内标物。采用Phenomenex Kinetex PFP色谱柱;流动相A:水(含有2 mmol/L甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸),流动相B:甲醇(含有2 mmol/L甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸),梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,柱温50 ℃,进样量1 μL。在正离子模式下,以多反应监测方式进行定量测定。该UPLC-MS/MS检测体系只需100 μL全血,无需复杂的样品制备即可达到足够的定量下限,总运行时间4.5 min内。采用依维莫司峰面积/依维莫司-D4 峰面积(y)和依维莫司浓度/依维莫司-D4浓度(x)进行线性回归(1/ x2) 分析,计算校准函数,分析其准确度和线性关系。并应用UPLC-MS/MS检测5例肝移植术后受者血样本的依维莫司血药谷浓度。结果 依维莫司在血药浓度1~100 ng /mL范围内的质控准确度都在15%以内,线性关系良好(R2>0.990)。测定的5例肝移植受者血样本的依维莫司血药谷浓度为3.77~9.27 ng/mL。结论 本研究建立的UPLC-MS/MS检测体系测定肝移植受者全血中依维莫司血药浓度准确度高、样品处理方法简便、检测时间短,适用于肝移植术后受者血样本中依维莫司的药物浓度监测。
【关键词】 依维莫司;超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS); 高效液相色谱法(HPLC);肝移植;血药浓度;钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(CNI);哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR);西罗莫司
【中图分类号】 R617,R969 【文献标志码】A 【文章编号】1674-7445(2021)05-0014-06
Establishment of a blood concentration detection system for everolimus in recipients after liver transplantation Tao Simei*, Huang Jiwei, Li Haibo, Zhang Yingcai, Yang Yang. *Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
Corresponding authors: Yang Yang, Email: yysysu@163.com
Huang Jiwei, Email: 947543512@qq.com
【Abstract】Objective To establish a detection system of ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for everolimus concentration in whole blood of liver transplant recipients. Methods The proteins of samples were precipitated with methanol and zinc sulfate, and everolimus-D4 was used as the internal standard. Phenomenex Kinetex PFP column was used. The mobile phase A was water (containing 2 mmol/L ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid), and the mobile phase B was methanol (containing 2 mmol/L ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid). The gradient elution was performed with the flow rate of 1 mL/min, the column temperature of 50 ℃ and the injection volume of 1 μL. The multi - reaction monitoring mode was used to quantitatively analyze with electrospray positive ionization. The UPLC-MS/MS detection system required only 100 μL of whole blood,
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2021.05.014
基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B020236003)
作者单位:510630 广州,中山大学附属第三医院药剂科(陶斯湄、黄际薇),肝脏外科暨肝移植中心(李海波、张英才、杨扬)作者简介:陶斯湄,女,1986年生,主管药师,研究方向为药理学,Email: taosm3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
通信作者:杨扬,男,1971年生,博士,教授、主任医师,研究方向为肝移植,Email: yysysu@163.com;黄际薇,女,1969年生,副主任药师,研究方向为临床药学与医院药学,Email: 947543512@qq.com
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and could achieve a sufficient lower limit of quantification without complicated sample preparation. The total running time was within 4.5 min. Linear regression (1/x2) analysis was performed using peak area of everolimus / peak area of everolimus-D4 (y) and concentration of everolimus / concentration of everolimus-D4 (x) to calculate the calibration function and analyze its accuracy and linear relationship. UPLC-MS/MS was used to detect the trough blood concentration of everolimus in blood samples of 5 recipients after liver transplantation. Results The accuracy of quality control was within 15%, and the linear relationship of everolimus was good in the blood concentration range of 1-100 ng /mL (R2>0.990). Trough blood concentration of everolimus measured in blood samples of 5 liver transplant recipients ranged from 3.77 to 9.27 ng/mL. Conclusions The detection system of UPLC-MS/MS in this study is suitable for monitoring the concentration of everolimus in whole blood of liver transplant recipients because of its high accuracy, simple sample processing method and short detection time.
【Key words】Everolimus; Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS); High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Liver transplantation; Blood concentration; Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI); Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); Sirolimus
由于移植技术和免疫抑制剂的快速发展,肝移植术后移植物的5年存活率已达70%以上
[1-3]
,但
1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象
收集中山大学附属第三医院和外院肝移植术后正在服用依维莫司的5例受者的外周血样本5份,其中我院1例,外院4例,均为肝移植术后原发性肝癌(肝癌)复发受者,受者自行购药服用并自愿参加我院的免费依维莫司浓度检测,均已签署知情同意书。受者男4例,女1例,平均年龄为52岁。其中外院4例受者于中国香港购药,药品规格为每粒1 mg,给药频次为每次1 mg,每日2次,开始服药时间为术后6~14个月;我院的1例受者服用国内已上市药物,药品规格为每粒5 mg,给药频次为每次2.5 mg,每日1次,开始服药时间为术后13个月。
5例受者中,其中我院1例于术后22个月,外院4例于术后8~19个月进行样本采集,均为服药前1 h内,于空腹状态下采集静脉血2 mL,加入乙二胺四乙酸抗凝。1.2 试剂和仪器
无药物全血(德国Recipe公司);依维莫司标准品(批号K1802090,北京阿拉丁公司);内标物为依维莫司-D4标准溶液(批号FN10251906,德国Merck公司);高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)级甲醇(德国Merck公司);蒸馏水(广州屈臣氏公司);质谱级甲酸(美国Fisher公司);HPLC级甲酸铵(美国Sigma公司)。
4500 Qtrap三重四级杆质谱仪(美国AB science公司);LC-30AD超高压二元梯度系统(日本
是长期应用钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(calcineurin inhibitor,CNI)常引起肾损伤、糖尿病、高血压、神经毒性损伤等不良反应[4-6]。如何在有效免疫抑制状态下,减少CNI类药物的用量,从而减轻肾损伤等不良反应是移植学界的普遍共识[7]。
依维莫司已分别于2012年和2013年在欧洲和美国上市,是一种哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)抑制剂,是西罗莫司的羟乙基衍生物[8-9]。其药物作用机制与西罗莫司相似,不仅抑制细胞因子介导的T细胞增殖,还能减少血管生成[10-12]。临床研究表明,肝移植受者无论是在术后早期应用依维莫司(术后1个月)或是在术后半年由其他CNI切换,均可有效保护肾功能[13-16]。此外,依维莫司还被认为具有抗肿瘤效果,尽管目前的研究结果表明该结论仍存在一定争议[17-18]。由于依维莫司的临床安全治疗窗较窄(血药谷浓度3~8 ng/mL)[19-20], 因此肝移植术后应用依维莫司的受者需要常规监测血药浓度以调整服药剂量[21-22]。然而,目前国内对肝移植受者术后依维莫司血药浓度监测方法的研究尚属空白。本研究通过建立一种快速、简便、稳定的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)检测体系测定人全血中依维莫司浓度,确定其准确度,旨在建立适用于中国肝移植术后受者依维莫司血药浓度的监测方法,为临床个体化治疗提供决策依据。
第5期陶斯湄等.肝移植术后受者依维莫司血药浓度检测体系的建立
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Shimadzu公司);Basic型分析天平(德国Sartorius公司);3-18KS高速冷冻离心机(德国Sigma公司);数据分析处理软件为AnalystV1.5.2工作站(美国AB science公司)。1.3 实验方法
1.3.1 色谱条件 采用Phenomenex Kinetex PFP色谱柱(100 mm×3 mm,2.6 μm)[10],柱温:50 ℃;流速: 1 mL/min;流动相A:水(含有2 mmol/L甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸);流动相B:甲醇(含有2 mmol/L甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸);进样量:1 μL;洗脱方式:梯度洗脱,其中0~0.5 min,80%A,0.5~1.5 min,80%到5%A,保持1.5 min,3~3.01 min,5%~80%A,保持 1.5 min,停止;自动进样器温度设定为10 ℃。该方法的总运行时间为4.5 min。
1.3.2 质谱条件 离子源:电喷雾电离源(ESI源);离子极性 :正离子模式;扫描方法:多反应监测(MRM);依维莫司和内标物的检测离子对分别为核质比(m/z)975.6 → 908.6,m/z 979.6 → 912.6;两者使用相同的碰撞能量、正离子模式优化去簇电压、碰撞室射出电压,分别为25、71、20 V。
1.3.3 标准品与内标物的制备 精密称取标准品依维莫司10 mg,置于小烧杯中,用适量甲醇溶解,转移至10 mL容量瓶中,用甲醇定容,得1 mg/mL标准品母液,作为贮备液。依维莫司工作溶液由储备溶液制得,浓度分别为1、10、100、1 000 μg/mL。内标物依维
莫司-D4工作溶液的浓度为15 ng/mL。储备液和所有工作溶液配置后放置于4℃冰箱中保存,备用。
标准样本(standard,STD)和质量控制样本(quality control,QC)是用无药物全血加入依维莫司的工作溶液中制备得到。STD线性范围为1~ 100 ng/mL。QC分为低、中、高3个水平,浓度分别为3.31、13.00、41.50 ng/mL。STD和QC配置后装入 1.5 mL聚丙烯管中,置于-80 ℃冰箱中保存,备用。1.3.4 样本前处理 在体积为100 μL的乙二胺四乙酸抗凝全血中分别加入10 μL内标工作溶液、20 μL 硫酸锌(0.5 mol/L)和200 μL甲醇后,涡旋混合30 s。然后将样品放在-20 ℃中保持5 min以完成蛋白质沉淀并于4 ℃下以23 950×g离心7 min。1.4 标准曲线绘制
采用STD依维莫司峰面积/依维莫司-D4 峰面积(y)和依维莫司浓度/依维莫司-D4浓度(x)进行线性回归(1/x2)分析,计算校准函数。5例样本的依维莫司血药谷浓度通过测得其峰面积与内标物峰面积、内标物浓度,代入标准曲线函数计算得出。
2 结 果
2.1 依维莫司标准曲线及QC数据
在定量范围为1~100 ng/mL的情况下,质控准确度都在15%以内,各分析物在标准曲线S1点和实际样本中均无明显干扰,峰形良好(表1)。
表1 依维莫司标准曲线质控的准确度结果
Table 1 Accuracy results of quality control of everolimus standard curve
理论浓度(ng/mL)1.005.0010.0025.0050.00100.003.3113.0041.50
实测浓度(ng/mL)1.004.859.7527.6050.8093.203.4313.0041.80
样本序号 STD1STD2STD3STD4STD5STD6L-QCM-QCH-QC
待测物峰面积5.13×1032.33×1045.05×1041.39×1052.62×1055.00×1051.68×1047.81×1042.18×105
内标物峰面积1.01×1058.63×1049.21×1048.88×1049.09×1049.46×1048.91×1041.07×1059.19×104
准确度(%)100.097.097.5110.4101.693.2103.6100.0100.7
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2.2 依维莫司标准曲线的线性分析
器官移植第12卷
相关不良反应增加,包括脂代谢异常、蛋白尿和血细胞三系减少等[23-27]。因此,推荐的依维莫司血药谷浓度范围为3~8 ng/mL[28]。与西罗莫司相比,依维莫司的优点包括具有更短的半衰期(约60 h 比30 h)和血药浓度更快到达稳态水平(6 d比4 d)[29]。鉴于这些特点,临床应用中依维莫司的剂量较容易调整,并且不需要负荷剂量 [30-31]。但是,依维莫司有效的血药谷浓度窗口相对较窄,为3~8 ng/mL。因此,建立准确易用的依维莫司血药浓度测定方法对肝移植受者术后的药物剂量调整和个体化医疗决策选择具有重要 意义[32-35]。
在本研究中,笔者开发并优化了一个简单的样品制备方案,与以往报道相比[36-37],本研究仅用甲醇和硫酸锌沉淀蛋白质,无需固相萃取或氮气吹干复溶等样本前处理方法;只需100 μL全血,无需复杂的样品制备即可达到足够的定量下限。在总运行时间 4.5 min内获得了良好的线性关系和较高的准确度。本研究建立的UPLC-MS/MS测定肝移植受者中依维莫司血药浓度的方法准确度高、样品处理方法简便、检测时间短,适用于依维莫司的治疗药物监测。未来还需进一步对该方法的长期稳定性、基质效应和遗留效应等进行验证,为该药临床精准应用作铺垫。
依维莫司的回归方程为 y=0.0556x-0.00195(R2=0.998),依维莫司标准曲线的决定系数(R2)> 0.99,表明依维莫司在血药浓度1~100 ng /mL范围内线性关系良好,可用于该药物在全血中的含量测定(图1)。
2.3 依维莫司标准曲线应用
使用依维莫司标准曲线测得5个临床样本的依维莫司血药谷浓度范围为3.77~9.27 ng/mL,均在标准曲线范围内。根据文献[1 7],依维莫司的有效血药谷浓度范围为3~8 ng/mL。本研究测得的5例受者的依维莫司血药谷浓度,4例在治疗窗内,1例血药谷浓度>8 ng/mL(表2)。
3 讨 论
既往的药代动力学数据表明,依维莫司血药谷浓度≥3.0 ng/mL才能够发挥免疫抑制作用,减少排斥反应的发生;而血药谷浓度>8 ng/mL可导致药物
5.4
待测物峰面积/内标物峰面积5.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.0
5101520253035404550556065707580859095100
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图1 依维莫司的标准曲线Figure 1 Standard curve of everolimus
表2 5例肝移植受者的依维莫司血药谷浓度检测结果
Table 2 Test results of everolimus trough blood concentration in 5 liver transplant recipients
样本序号 Sample-1Sample-2Sample-3Sample-4Sample-5
待测物峰面积4.06×1043.28×1042.43×1044.07×1044.96×104
内标物峰面积9.11×1048.99×1041.17×1059.59×1049.66×104
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(收稿日期:2021-08-26)(本文编辑:林佳美 吴秋玲)
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