中考英语语法系列复习专题1名词

语法系列复习专题一-----名词

名词的分类

专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。如HongKong,

China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross

个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 student,book 名 普 可数名词

词 通 集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family,school, group, people

名

词 不可数名词 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton,air,tea 抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如 :work，happiness,news 2．名词的复数

可数名词有单、复数形式，其复数的构成规则如下：

1）绝大多数在词尾加s。如： book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces. 2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。如：

watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;box,boxes;tomato,tomatoes 下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数：piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo

3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加es。例如：baby,babies;family,families;

以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s。例如：boy,boys;key,keys

4） 以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe改为v，再加es构成复数形式，如：leaf,leaves;

wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s构成复数，常见的有：

roof,chief,belief,gulf等。个别的两种方式都可以，如： handkerchiefs,handkerchieves 5）少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，要一一背记：

man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet; tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice

少数名词的单、复数形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注： fishes表不同种类的鱼)

6）复合名词：

A.含man或woman的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式。如：two men teachers,

four women doctors

B.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式，如：

lookers-on旁观者，editors-in-chief总编辑, passers-by过路人 C.如果没有主体名词，就在词尾后加s。如： grown-ups 成年人，go-betweens 中间人

7）以复数形式出现的名词：trousers,glasses眼镜，scales天平，savings储蓄， findings 调查结果， doings行为，surroundings环境，arms武器，fireworks 烟火，remains残余，thanks感谢，riches财富，ashes灰烬 ，stairs 楼梯 8）有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式。例如：

take pains下功夫,made preparations作准备，give regards to 问候

2.名词的所有格

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1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。其构成多在词尾加上“’s”,如：Tom’s bike, Marx’s works

以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾后加“’”或“’s”。如：Engels’/Engels’s works 以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。如：students’ homework,a workers’ night school 一所工人夜校，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“’s”。如：men’s clothes 男士衣服 children’s books 儿童读物

2） 如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个

名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。例如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间 Tom’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间

3） 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop,house等名词。 如：the tailor’s 裁缝店，the barber’s理发店，go to the doctor’s上诊所， at my uncles在我叔叔家

4） 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示 所有格。如：today’s newspaper,half an hour’s rest,two weeks’ work,ten minutes′walk,China’s

population,Shanghai’s industry

5） 表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系。如： the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 2

6） 表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词，常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属关系。例如：

He is an old friend of my father’s. This is a picture of Mary’s.

考点分析

1．He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers

A.wealth; work B.wealths; works C.weaths;work D.wealth ;works 2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a must in ______

international trade today.

A.a; × B.the ; an C.the ;the D.×;the 3.Oh, John _____you gave us !

A.How a great surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise 4. She broke a _______ while she was washing up .

A.glass wine B.wine glass C.wine’s glass D.glass of wine

5.________terrible weather we’ve been having these days! A.What B.What a C.How D.How a

6.Shortly after the accident ,two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order . A.dozens of B.dozens C.dozens’ of D.dozen

7.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible .Just have a little ______. A.wait B.time C.patience D.rest

8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a _________. A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice

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专题练习

1._________from Beijing to London!

A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is 2.We’ve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into________. A.fact B.practice C.reality D.deed

3.Electrcity , like other forms of ________ ,has greatly increased in price. A.pressure B.force C.strength D.energy 4．That fellow is clever ; he has ___________.

A.brain B.a brain C.the brain D.brains 5.Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.

A.shoes store B.shoe’s store C.shoe store D.shoes’ store 6.Those ______ took lots of ______ in the Summer Palace. A.Germen; photoes B.Germen; photos C.Germans; photos D.Germans; photoes 7.All possible means __________ to save the hero.

A.has tried B.have tried C.has been tried D.have been tried 8.——Whose car is it ?

——It’s________.

A.Tom and Mary B.Tom’s and Mary’s C.Tom’s and Mary D.Tom and Mary’s 9.There are 5____ in th fields.

A.heads of cattles B.heads of cattle C.head of cattles D.head of cattle 10.He is the very thief the police ________ looking for . A.is B.are C.has D.have 11.All but Jack __________ here just now .

A.is B.are C.was D.were

12.He knows almost everything .So we say he is a man of many _________. A.knowleges B.presents C.gifts D.rewards 13.Carelessness is the usual __________ of fire.

A.way B.excuse C.cause D.reason 14.The girl is quite ________to her mother now .

A.a help B.helps C.help D.helpness 15._______is coming to give us a lecture .

A.A manager and an expert B.A manager and expert C.Manager and expert D.Manager and an expert 16.Most of the bridges over the river are made of __________.

A.stone B.the stone C.a stone D.the stones 17.If you hurt her _________ ,you should apologize.

A.feelings B.feel C.feels D.feeling 18.I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.

A.the doctor B.the Smiths C.Smith D.my uncle’s 19.The shop will be closed during_________.

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A.repairs B.a repair C.repair D.repairing 20.The________we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while. A.mouse B.deer C.dog D.cow 21.My brother didn’t find army life to his __________.

A.like B.taste C.quality D.favour 22.Though they hadn’t met for long ,he recognized her ___________.

A.voice B.noise C.sound D.laughter 23.Learning that they were to have a picnic,the children were in _______. A.the high spirit B.high spirits C.a high spirit D.high spirit

24.After _______ silence ,they began to write letters to each other .

A.three-year B.a three-year C.three years D.three yearss 25.If these trousers are too big ,buy a smaller__________.

A.copy B.pair C.piece D.set 26.That daughter of Jack’s is ______.

A.a good fun B.good runs C.good fun D.good funny

27._______will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.(93年上海高考题) A.The Evenses’ B.The Evens’ C.The Evenses D.The Evens 28.He is one of the most successful_______ in the city.

A.newspaper’s writer B.newspaper writers C.nesapapers’ writer D.newspaper writer 29.——Where is your brother?

——At_____.

A.Mr Green’s B.Greens C.the Mr Green’s D.the Greens 30.——Are you _______ ,Mr Black?

——Yes ,I speak______.

A.English ; the English language B.the English ; English C.an Englishman; on English language D.an English ; English

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