1拆分法/合并法 2增补法/省略法 3词类转换法 4正反译法
5主被动转换法 6移植法 6转换法 7引申法
8直译加注法 9重复法
10语序重组法 顺译法/逆序法 11移植法
12直译/意译法 13归化/异化策略
1拆分法/合并法 拆分法
1）单词分译
We recognize that China's long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.
我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。
At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。 （比较“选择不偏不倚回答问题的安全”）
2）短语分译
The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task.
军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。(名词短语分译)
3）句子分译
1
But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.
但是，如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
I sat with his wife in their living room, looking out the glass doors to the
backyards, and there was Allen's pool, still covered with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter.
我跟他妻子一起坐在他们家的起居室里，望着玻璃门外的后院。后院里有阿伦的游泳池，上面还盖着过冬时铺上去的黑色塑料蓬。（在连词and处切分）
合并法
She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems.
她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力，还善于解决问题。
中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.
2增补法/省略法 增补法
1）根据词义或修辞需要增词
The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related. 声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关的。
Compared with mine, your computer is really cheap and fine. 与我的电脑相比，你的电脑真是物美价廉。
2）根据语法需要增词
I didn’t know that computers had been used so widely. 我以前还不知道电脑却原来被如此广泛地应用。
He was the late president’s alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of the president to be in office.
2
他过去是已故总统的化身，而现在是即将就职的总统亲密而有影响的朋友。
Had we known it in time, we would have prevented the accident. 要是我们及时知道那件事，事故本来是可以防止的。（虚拟语气）
省略法
1）语法角度上的省略
A camel is much inferior to an elephant in strength. 骆驼的力气远不如大象。（省略不定冠词）
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled. 金属热胀冷缩。（省译从属连词when）
2）意义或修辞角度上的省略
It has been three years since he began to smoke. 他抽烟三年了。
There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. 天未下雪，但叶落草枯。
3词类转换法
他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。
They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.
国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。
Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。
I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.
The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。
He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand. 他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。
3
机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。
The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers’ need.
4正反译法 1）转移否定
（1）把主句的否定转移到that 从句
We don’t believe that our mother tongue is inferior to any other languages in the world.
我们相信，祖国的语言并不亚于是世界任何其他语言。
I don’t think Father will fancy living an idle life like that. 我想爸爸不会喜欢过那样清闲的生活。
（2）把谓语动词的否定转移到状语 Rome was not built in a day. (= Rome was built not in a day.) 罗马非朝夕建成。 伟业非一日之功。
He does not work at this factory.
(区别于He does no work at this factory.) 他不在这家工厂工作。
（3）把句子其他成分的否定转移到动词
He gave me not even a moment to collect my thoughts. 他甚至不给我片刻时间去集中一下思想。
The whole subject is so obscure, that I have succeeded in throwing hardly any light on it.
这整个问题是如此深奥难解，我几乎未对它作任何阐明。
肯定、否定转换 Words Affirmative form Negative form Difficult 困难的 不容易的 certain 肯定，确信 无疑，毫无疑问 Extraordinary 特别的 不平常的
4
dying 奄奄一息的，垂死的 还没咽气的 Failure 失败 不及格/没做到/不履行 Predictable 可预言的 不出所料的 Anxiety 忧虑 焦急不安 I hate to get personal, but you are much older than Byron. 我不喜欢过问私事，不过你比拜伦要大得多。
Oh, stop fumbling. I will finish the top buttons. 唉，别笨手笨脚地乱摸了，上面的扣子我来扣吧。 Words Affirmative form Negative form Incomplete 不完全的 残缺的 Infrequent 不经常的 偶尔有之的 unasked 未经邀请的 自告奋勇的 infelicitous 不完善的 有缺点的 dishonorable 不体面地 丢面子 Unprecedented 前所未有的 空前的 indecisive 犹豫不决的 优柔寡断的 Yesterday the President gave an unprepared speech before a big audience. 昨天总统在的大庭广众前即席致辞。
Aren’t they fine, these men are going off into nowhere like that? 这三人真行，前途茫茫，就这样去了。
Nothing is more deceitful than the appearance of humility. 谦卑的外表是最容易使人上当的。
The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us. 我们仍然重视这些事情的重要性。
They didn’t half support my proposal. 他们非常支持我的建议。
5主/被动转换法
5
American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels. 允许美国俘虏领取红十字会的食品包裹。
必须承认，这些统计数字反映了许多不满情绪。
One must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics.
The economic freedom was provided by breaking up large concentration of power.
由于打破了权力的高度集中，经济获得了自由。
6移植法
7引申法
1) The country’s industry has developed quickly in the last decade. 过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。
2) To develop the instrument, many experts were invited. 为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。
3) In developing the design, the engineer must apply his knowledge of engineering and material science.
在进行设计时，工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。
1) Power can be transmitted over a long distance. 电力可以远距离输送。
2) China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons although considered one of the nuclear powers. 尽管中国是核大国， 但中国决不会首先使用核武器。
The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and the ape. 帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾。
He was Kerry Rudman, 33, and no stranger to trouble. 他叫克里.拉德曼，33岁，惹事生非已不是一次了。
8直译加注法
6
Like a son of Bachus*, he can drink up two bottles of whisky at a breath. 他简直像酒神巴赫斯的儿子，能一口气喝光两瓶威士忌。 *巴赫斯是古希腊神话中的酒神。
You look like Al-Capone* in that suit.
你穿上那套衣服，看上去就像个流氓阿尔·卡彭*了。 *阿尔·卡彭是美国历史上一著名歹徒，芝加哥犯罪集团的一首领。
It was Friday* and soon they’d go out and get drunk.
星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。 *星期五[Friday]为英国的发薪日。
The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle*. 刚下一场及时雨，那人却又为草坪浇水，真是把煤运到纽卡斯尔，多此一举。 *纽卡斯尔：英国煤都。
9重复法
1）为了明确重复
They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. 他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
2）为了强调重复
He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and brooding. 他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。
3）为了生动重复
But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。
great contributions丰功伟绩 gratitude感恩戴德 ingratitude忘恩负义 prosperity繁荣昌盛 arrogance骄傲自大
7
careless粗心大意 in chaos乌烟瘴气 street gossip街谈巷议 rumor流言蜚语
10语序重组法
The time has long passed when they sought comfort in the thought that our economic plans were unrealistic and unworkable.
以前他们认为我们的经济计划是不现实的，行不通的，并以此聊以自慰。这样的岁月，早已一去不复返了。
Peter, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his
experiments, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.
（虽然）彼得在做实验之前从头到尾仔细阅读过操作指南，但是由于他生搬硬套，所以得不到满意的结果。
11移植法
12直译/意译法
1）直译：好处——尽可能忠实履行翻译职责，避免越权，把解读留给读者。 直译=死译，硬译？（机器翻译） ◆Examples：
But I hated him, and I had a feeling he’d surely lead us both to our ancestors. 我很讨厌他，感觉他会带我们去见祖先。（中西文化中都是“去死”的意思）
实际上，直译比意译难， “戴着镣铐跳舞”。
纸老虎：“paper tiger”，而不能译成“scarecrow”（稻草人）。因为“纸老虎”有两层含义。
富农：“rich peasant”，而不能译成“wealthy peasant”
“三军过后尽开颜”：“The three Armies march on, each face glowing.”——死译，硬译。三军：“大军”，不是“海陆空三军”，只宜译为the Army或the mighty Army。
火中取栗－To put the chestnut out of the fire 圆桌会议－A round-table conference
8
象牙之塔－An ivory tower 王牌－A trump card
连锁反应－chain reaction
披着羊皮的狼－A wolf in sheep’s clothing 金元外交－Dollar diplomacy 多米诺理论－The domino theory 特洛伊木马－The Trojan horse 生命线－A life line
2）意译
◆ 直译的弊端： Joke：
A：Your wife is really beautiful. C：您太太太漂亮了。 B：哪里哪里。 C：where, where. A：From head to toe. C：从头到脚。
B：不见得，不见得。
C：not to be seen, not to be seen.
◆ 意译：译文准确表达原文的内容，但不拘泥于原文的形式。 意译=胡译？乱译？ ◆Examples：
1. Don’t cross the bridge till you get it. 不要杞人忧天。
2. Do you see any green in my eyes？ 你认为我好欺负吗？
3. I was not born yesterday. 我不是三岁小孩。
4. She did not like him much, but if she went out with him, it’d be one in the eye for Kate.
她一点也不喜欢他，如果她和他一起出去，会让凯特很不好受。
有钱能使鬼推磨
Money makes the mare to go.
Who holds the purse rules the house
9
All things are obedient to money.
The devil take the hindmost. 人不为己，天诛地灭
Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。
Like father, like son 龙生龙，凤生凤。
10
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容