定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语； 用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接
一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化
1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句 例：Hesaid,“I'mveryglad.” →Hesaidhewasveryglad.
2.一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。 例：Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?” →HeaskedJohncouldcomethatafternoon.
3.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when，why,where等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 例:Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang?” →HeaskedwhereMr.Wangwas. Tomsaystome,“whatfooddoyoulikebest”. →TomasksmefoodIlikebest
4.祈使句变间接引语时，要变成ask/tell/ordersb（not）todosth。 Ourparentstoldus“LearnEnglishwell!”我们的父母告诉我们：“把英语学好啊！” OurparentstoldusEnglishwell.我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。
Theteachersaidtome,“Don’treadthatnovel!” Theteacherasked/toldmethatnovel.
Ourparentstoldus,“Neverdowrong!”父母告诉我们：“不要做错事！” Ourparentstoldusnevertodowrong.我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。
二、人称的变化
【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则 例如：“IwenttotheGreatWallyesterday,”LiHuasaid.
→LiHuasaidthathehadgonetotheGreatWallthedaybefore.
“I’llcometohelpyouwheneveryouneedmyhelp,”heansweredher.
→Heansweredherthathewouldcometohelpherwheneversheneededhishelp.
Shesaidtome,“Yourpronunciationisbetterthanhis.” →Shetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhis.
三、时态变化
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态 时态的变化 一般现在时→ 一般过去时 现在进行时→ 过去进行时 例句 Shesaid,“Ineedacalculator.” →Shesaidthatsheneededacalculator. Jimsaid,“I’mexpectingalongdistancecall.” →Jimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistancecall. Nancysaid,“I’llcallagainlater.” →Nancysaidthatshewouldcallagainlater. 一般过去时→过去完成时 Hesaid,“Itookithomewithme.” →Hesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim. 现在完成时→过去完成时 Paulsaid,“Ourteamhaswonthematch.” →Paulsaidthattheirteamhadwonthematch. Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.” 过去完成时→过去完成时 →Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper. 四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 变化形式 例句 Shesaid,“Sheiscomingthisweek.” 指 this→that →Shesaidthatshewascomingthatweek. 示 代 Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.” these→those 词 →Hesaidthosebookswerehis. Hesaid,“It’steno’clocknow.” now→then →Hesaidthatitwasteno’clockthen. Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.” today→thatday →Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday. Shesaid,“I’llcomeagaintonight.” tonight→thatnight →Shesaidthatshewouldgoagainthatnight. 时 间 Hesaid,“Thishappenedyesterday.” yesterday→thedaybefore 状 →Hesaidthatthishadhappenedthedaybefore. 语 Shesaid,“Iarrivedtwodaysago.” Threedaysago→threedaysbefore →Shesaidthatshehadarrivedtwodaysbefore. tomorrow→thenextday Shesaid,“I”llbebacktomorrow.” thefollowingday →Shesaidthathewouldbebackthenextday. Shesaid,“I’lldoitnextweek.” nextweek→thenextweek →Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthenextweek. 地 点 状 语 Shesaid,“IcameheretoseeTom.” →ShesaidthathehadgonetheretoseeTom. 一般将来时→过去将来时 here→there 动 Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.” come/bring→go/take 词 →Hesaidhehadtakenithomewithhim. 【拓展延伸】 直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况
①主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如： Hesays,“I’mtired.” →Hesaysthatheistired.
Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”
→Hewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy.
②当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。 Ourgeographyteachersaidtous,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.” →Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
③直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变 Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.” →Shesaidthatshewasbornin1995. 【典型例题】
（1）Canyoutellme_______? A.whatthematterisB.whatmatteritis
C.what’sthematterD.thematteriswhat
（2）Thephysicsteachersaidtheearth____aroundthesun. A.ismovingB.movedC.hadmovedD.moves
【语法专练】
1.Motheraskedtheyoungestkid____withhiscar. A.whatthematterB.Whatwasthematter C.whatthematterisD.whatisthematter
2.Thetouristaskedtheguidewhathe____visitthenextday. A.wasgoingtoB.willC.isgoinginD.isto
3.Theteachertoldusthatlight____fasterthansound. A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.istravelingD.travels 4.Tomhankstoldhisteacherthathe____bornin1968. A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen
5.LindaaskedAmy_____shecouldtellherthegeneralideasofthepoem. A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.how
6.Mybrothersaidtome,“I’mgoingtohaveaholidaynextweek.”
Mybrother________________________________goingtohaveaholidaythenextweek. 7.Mothersaidtome,“Whatareyoudoingintheroom?”
Motheraskedme___________________________________intheroom. 8.Heasked,“CanIborrowyourbike?”
Heasked_______________________borrowmybike 9.Tomsaidtome,“Doyoulikefootball?”
Tomaskedme_________________________football 10.Shesaidtome,“Iwentovermylessonslastnight.”
Shetoldme____________________________overherlessonsthenightbefore. 附：UnitI短语归纳
1.做个好朋友tobeagoodfriend
2.做下列调查makethefollowingsurvey 3.合计总分addupthescore 4.得分getpoints
5.心烦意乱地来到学校cometoschoolupset 6.不理睬铃声ignorethebell
7.使你那个德国朋友平静下来calmdownyourGermanfriend 8.关心你朋友beconcernedaboutyourfriend(s) 9.松开了getloose
10.不得不去户外遛狗havegottowalkthedogoutdoors
11.帮他期末考试作弊helphimcheatintheend-of-termexam 12.列出理由makealistofreasons/listthereasons 13.记下一连串的请求setdownaseriesofrequests 14.根据问卷调查accordingtothequestionnaire 15.根据编辑的忠告accordingtotheeditor’sadvice
16.为了分担你的困难inordertoshareyourdifficulties/troubles 17.与老板相爱fallinlovewiththeboss
18.与我的同桌相处融洽getalong/onwellwithmydeskmate
19.关心青少年beconcernedaboutteenagers
20.为了和老板面对面地交流inordertocommunicatewiththebossfacetoface 21.信任政府trust/believeinthegovernment 22.经历了太多的战争gothroughtoomanywars 23.相邻的城镇neighboringtowns 24.相邻的国家neighboringcountries
直接引语变间接引语练习题
一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______never______meat. 2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe__________________wallet. 3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.
Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.
4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest. 5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe______mettheday______. 6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid. HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive. 7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.
Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______. 8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.
He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______. 9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He______Jimthathe______sitthere. 10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”
Heaskedhermother__________________foundit. 11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days. 12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.
Heasked____________knewwhereshe______. 13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.
He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise. 14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.
Shetoldme___________________himthenews. 15.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______________havingsupper. 16.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.
Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm. 17.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.
Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister. 18.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.
He_______thechildren______________quiet. 20.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.
Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.
家庭作业
1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______________havingsupper. 2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.
Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm. 3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.
Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister. 4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon. 5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.
Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______. 6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.
HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive. 7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.
Shesaidthatshe_______boughtthecomputertwoweeks_______. 8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?”hesaid.
He______________Ihadreadthebooktheweek_______. 9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He_______Jimthathe_______sitthere 10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”
Heaskedhermother_____________________foundit. 11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days. 12“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heaskedme.
Heaskedme______________knewwhereshe_______. 13.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.
He_______thechildren______________quiet. 14.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.
Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow. 15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaidtome.
Heasked______________Iwasinterestedin_______.
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