北京的天安门简介
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-23 21:33
共4个回答
热心网友
时间：2023-02-04 20:21
天安门坐落在中国北京市中心，故宫的南端，与天安门广场隔长安街相望，是明清两代北京皇城的正门。设计者为明代的御用建筑匠师蒯祥。天安门始建与明朝永乐十五年（1417年），时称为承天门。清朝顺治八年（1651年）更名为天安门。1925年10月10日，国立故宫博物院成立，天安门开始对民众开放。1949年10月1日，在这里举行了中华人民共和国的开国大典，它由此被设计入国徽，并成了中华人民共和国的象征之一。1961年，天安门被中华人民共和国*公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。
热心网友
时间：2023-02-04 21:39
我爱北京天安门，天安门上太阳升！
热心网友
时间：2023-02-04 23:14
Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)
2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tian’anmen Gate tower.
3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.
5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.
Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Park), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.
The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.
The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.
The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He was doing such ties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or inlging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in e time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.
In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.
On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrum the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has been the symbol of New Chine\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.
Tian’anmen Square
Situated e south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.
Around the Square are several famous buildings:
1 The Great Hall of the People
This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’ Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.
2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution
These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:
1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);
2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);
3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);
4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Feal Society(1840 to 1919.)
The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.
3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes
the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qing, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.
On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the People’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.
At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:
1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:
2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;
3) The Revolution of 1911;
4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;
5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;
6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;
7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;
8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’s Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.
4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum
Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.
The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people ring the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.
Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.
In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Mao’s body lies stately with the Communist Party’s flag covering over him.
On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.
Tian’ anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months’ hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the People’s Republic in 1999.
英文的...
各位团友大家好，今天我们要参观的是世界上最大的城市中心广场——天安门广场及天安门。
天安门广场位于北京市中心。南北长880米，东西宽500米，占地面积达44万平方米，是当今世界上最大的城市中心广场。国家机构按文东武西的格局分列广场两侧。东边建有国家博物馆，西边是人民大会堂，中间耸立国旗旗杆和人民英雄纪念碑。毛*纪念堂在广场南部。最南端是正阳门及其箭楼。
我们现在所在的位置就是皇城的正门天安门。天安门始建于明永乐十五年（1417年），原名承天门，取“承天启运，受命于天”之意。开始时仅是一座三层楼式的木坊。屡毁屡建，直至清顺治八年（1651年）才重建为九五开间的重檐歇山式顶楼，取“受命于天,安邦定国”之意。改名为天安门。天安门除了举行其他盛大仪式之外，也曾经是清朝皇帝举行“金凤颁诏”礼的地方。每逢冬至去天坛祭天，夏至到地坛祭地，孟春到先农坛 耕，以及皇帝大婚或出兵亲征，都要从天安门出入。举子们的黄榜也是从此捧出的。
现在的天安门城楼在城台正中大门上方挂有一幅巨型毛*画像。画像高6米、宽4.6米，总重约1.5吨。每年国庆节前都要重新绘制。第一幅画像的作者是周令钊。现在画像的工作由北京美术公司的葛小光先生接续。在城楼重檐正中悬挂的国徽是以周令钊和张仃的创意为基础，最终由梁思成设计完成的，国徽的图案由天安门、国旗、齿轮、麦稻穗和红绶带组成。城楼内根据开国大典时的环境布置有国画“铁骨傲霜雪，幽香透国魂”及董希文创作的著名油画《开国大典》。
城门前面是与故宫内相通的金水河，河上横跨7座汉白玉金水桥，中间5座分别与天安门城楼的5个门洞相对。正中是供帝后行走的御路桥，两侧为宗室王公行走的皇族桥。再向外的两座是品级桥，供三品以上*行走。最外面位于太庙和社稷坛门前的，是供四品以下*及其其他人员行走的公生桥。在金水桥南北两岸各有一对雕刻于明永乐年间的石狮子，东侧的都是雄狮子。脚踏绣球，象征一统寰宇。西侧的都是雌狮子。脚踩幼狮，寓意母仪天下，子孙绵延。它们都把头微微倾向内侧，以示保护御路保护皇上。金水河南岸还有一对立于明成化元年高约10米，重达20吨的汉白玉华表，与其对称在天安门内侧也有一对。华表顶部承露盘上有一小兽，俗称“望天吼”。其作用是用来警示皇上。据说华表源于用作路标的表木和听取意见的诽谤木。现在的华表只是用来起装饰作用。
华表以南这条车水马龙的大街就是“中华第一街”——长安街了。明清时期的长安街东起东单牌楼，西到西单牌楼。全长十华里号称“十里长街”。如今的长安街，东起通州，西至石景山，全长42公里。可谓“百里长街”。
长安街过后，由近到远。首先看到的就是，由曾联松设计的中华人民共和国国旗。第一面国旗的制作者是国营永茂实业公司的宋树信。高32.6米的旗杆是由特殊处理过的，20年不会腐蚀的无缝钢管分4节组装而成。
旗杆的远处广场的中心位置，是新中国第一座大型纪念性建筑——人民英雄纪念碑。纪念碑以梁思成的设计方案为主，再综合其他3个方案，于1952年8月正式动工兴建，1958年5月1日完工。通高约38米，碑芯高14．7米，重60吨；碑身由413块花岗岩组成；碑座四面镶嵌有8幅巨大的浮雕，内容分别为焚烧鸦片、金田、武昌、五四运动、五卅运动、南昌、抗日游击战争、胜利渡长江。碑身正面有**亲笔题写的镏金大字“人民英雄永垂不朽”，背面是毛*起草周总理亲笔书写的碑文。碑文内容是“三千年以来，在人民战争和人民*中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽。三十年以来，在人民战争和人民*中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽，由此上溯到一千八百四十年，从那时起为了反对内外敌人，争取民族和人民自由幸福，在历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄永垂不朽!”
天安门广场南部的方形建筑，就是安放毛*遗体的毛*纪念堂。纪念堂占地面57万多平方米，全部工程仅用6个月就完成。在*逝世一周年时正式对外开放。纪念堂内由北大厅、瞻仰厅和南大厅组成。北大厅*是高3米的毛*汉白玉坐象，坐像的背后是巨幅祖国山河图。瞻仰厅是纪念堂的核心部分，内有黑色花岗岩砌成的梯形棺床。上面安放着有毛*遗体的水晶棺。南大厅北墙为汉白玉石墙，上面镌刻有毛*的诗词《满江红》。
现在咱们来看广场的东西两侧。在广场的西侧是1958年10月兴建，1959年国庆前竣工的人民大会堂。整组建筑平面呈“山”字形，正面墙呈“弓”字形。*最高处为46.5米，因此大会堂是整个天安门广场上的最高建筑。大会堂四周用143根巨柱支撑，东部有金色大铜门5扇，正门上方高悬着全国最大的国徽，极为宏伟壮观。中部是著名的万*会堂，三层扇形会场可容纳10000人。穹窿形的顶部*位置为巨大的红五角星灯，发出70道光芒，周围是40片葵花瓣、500个满天星及三层水波形灯槽。喻意“万众一心团结在党*周围”。北部为我国最大的宴会厅。可同时供5000人宴会，一万人酒会。南部是*常委会办公楼，办公楼部分还包括有全国各省、市、自治区、直辖市、特区各具特色的会议厅。
天安门广场东侧的巍峨建筑就是国家博物馆了，北半部是中国*博物馆，南半部是中国历史博物馆。中国*博物馆建成于1959年8月。有两层展室，自1961年7月1日正式开放。以自“五四”以来的*资料为主要展品，分为《近代中国陈列》和《当代中国陈列》各展厅内有图片、文字说明和大量实物。
中国历史博物馆前身是北京历史博物馆，成立于1912年7月。1959年迁入。基本陈列是《中国通史》，展品跨越从奴隶社会夏商周到太平天国直至清王朝灭亡数千年历史，分朝代展出文物、货币、书画等40多万件历史文物。
现在咱们再回到广场的最南端，这里的两座建筑就是内城中最高大的城门正阳门及其箭楼了，“正阳”取“圣主当阳，日至中天，万国瞻仰”之意。建成于明永乐十八年。光绪年间被八国联军炮火击毁，后重建。
好了，天安门广场及天安门的参观到此就结束了。现在给大家20分钟自由活动。
中文的
热心网友
时间：2023-02-05 01:05
网上一找就有了,这个应该有的!太普通了~~
