我要猫的详细资料~属科~等等(要英文的哦)
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Cat FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Thecat(Feliscatus),alsoknownasthedomesticcatorhousecattodistinguishitfromotherfelines,isasmallcarnivorousspeciesofcrepuscularmammalthatisoftenvaluedbyhumansforitscompanionshipanditsabilitytohuntvermin.Ithasbeenassociatedwithhumansforatleast9,500years.[3] Askilledpredator,thecatisknowntohuntover1,000speciesforfood.Itcanbetrainedtoobeysimplecommands.Indivialcatshavealsobeenknowntolearnontheirowntomanipulatesimplemechanisms,suchasdoorknobs.Catsuseavarietyofvocalizationsandtypesofbodylanguageforcommunication,includingmeowing,purring,hissing,growling,squeaking,chirping,clicking,andgrunting.[4]With69millionofthempresentinAmericanhomes[5],catsarethemostorthesecondmostpopularpets.Theyarealsobredandshownasregisteredpedigreepets.Thishobbyisknownasthe"CatFancy". UntilrecentlythecatwascommonlybelievedtohavebeendomesticatedinancientEgypt,whereitwasacultanimal.[6]Howevera2007studyfoundthatallhousecatsareprobablydescendedfromagroupofasfewasfiveself-domesticatingdesertwildcatsFelissilvestrislybicacirca8000BC,intheNearEast.[2] Physiology Size Diagramofthegeneralanatomyofamalecat.Catstypicallyweighbetween2.5and7kg(5.5–16pounds);however,somebreeds,suchastheMaineCoon,canexceed11.3kg(25pounds).Somehavebeenknowntoreachupto23kg(50pounds)etooverfeeding.Conversely,verysmallcats(lessthan1.8kg/4.0lb)[7]havebeenreported. Skeleton Catshave7cervicalvertebraelikealmostallmammals,13thoracicvertebrae(humanshave12),7lumbarvertebrae(humanshave5),3sacralvertebraelikemostmammals(humanshave5becauseoftheirbipedalposture),and,exceptforManxcats,22or23caudalvertebrae(humanshave3to5,fusedintoaninternalcoccyx).Theextralumbarandthoracicvertebraeaccountforthecat'senhancedspinalmobilityandflexibility,comparedwithhumans.Thecaudalvertebraeformthetail,usedbythecatasacounterbalancetothebodyringquickmovements.Catsalsohavefree-floatingclaviclebones,whichallowsthemtopasstheirbodythroughanyspaceintowhichtheycanfittheirhead.[8] Mouth Catshavehighlyspecializedteethforthetearingofmeat.Thepremolarandfirstmolartogethercomposethecarnassialpaironeachsideofthemouth,whichefficientlyfunctionstoshearmeatlikeapairofscissors.Whilethisispresentincanids,itishighlydevelopedinfelines.Thecat'stonguehassharpspines,orpapillae,usefulforretainingandrippingfleshfromacarcass.Thesepapillaearesmallbackward-facinghooksthatcontainkeratinwhichalsoassistintheirgrooming. Asfacilitatedbytheiroralstructure,catsuseavarietyofvocalizationsandtypesofbodylanguageforcommunication,includingmewing("meow"or"miaow"),purring,hissing,growling,squeaking,chirping,clicking,andgrunting.[4] Ears Thirty-twoindivialmusclesineachearallowforamannerofdirectionalhearing:[9]acatcanmoveeachearindependentlyoftheother.Becauseofthismobility,acatcanmoveitsbodyinonedirectionandpointitsearsinanotherdirection.Mostcatshavestraightearspointingupward.Unlikedogs,flap-earedbreedsareextremelyrare.(ScottishFoldsareonesuchexceptionalmutation.)Whenangryorfrightened,acatwilllaybackitsears,toaccompanythegrowlingorhissingsoundsitmakes.Catsalsoturntheirearsbackwhentheyareplaying,ortolistentoasoundcomingfrombehindthem.Theangleofcats'earsisanimportantcluetotheirmood. Legs Cats,likedogs,aredigitigrades:theywalkdirectlyontheirtoes,thebonesoftheirfeetmakingupthelowerpartofthevisibleleg.Catsarecapableofwalkingveryprecisely,becauselikeallfelinestheydirectlyregister;thatis,theyplaceeachhindpaw(almost)directlyintheprintofthecorrespondingforepaw,minimizingnoiseandvisibletracks.Thisalsoprovidessurefootingfortheirhindpawswhentheynavigateroughterrain. LikenearlyallmembersoffamilyFelidae,catshaveretractableclaws.Intheirnormal,relaxedpositiontheclawsaresheathedwiththeskinandfuraroundthetoepads.Thiskeepstheclawssharpbypreventingwearfromcontactwiththegroundandallowsthesilentstalkingofprey.Theclawsontheforefeetaretypicallysharperthanthoseonthehindfeet.[10]Catscanextendtheirclawsvoluntarilyononeormorepawsatwill.Theymayextendtheirclawsinhuntingorself-defense,climbing,"kneading",orforextratractiononsoftsurfaces(bedspreads,thickrugs,etc.).Itisalsopossibletomakeacooperativecatextenditsclawsbycarefullypressingboththetopandbottomofthepaw.Thecurvedclawsmaybecomeentangledincarpetorthickfabric,whichmaycauseinjuryifthecatisunabletofreeitself. Mostcatshavefiveclawsontheirfrontpaws,andfourorfiveontheirrearpaws.Becauseofanancientmutation,however,domesticcatsarepronetopolydactyly,andmayhavesixorseventoes.Thefifthfrontclaw(thedewclaw)isinamoreproximalpositionthanthoseoftheotherclaws.Moreproximally,thereisaprotrusionwhichappearstobeasixth"finger".Thisspecialfeatureofthefrontpaws,ontheinsideofthewrists,isthecarpalpad,alsofoundonthepawsofbigcatsanddogs.Ithasnofunctioninnormalwalking,butisthoughttobeananti-skiddingdeviceusedwhilejumping. Skin Catspossessratherlooseskin;thisallowsthemtoturnandconfrontapredatororanothercatinafight,evenwhenithasagriponthem.Thisisalsoanadvantageforveterinarypurposes,asitsimplifiesinjections.[11]Infact,thelivesofcatswithkidneyfailurecansometimesbeextendedforyearsbytheregularinjectionoflargevolumesoffluidsubcutaneously,whichservesasanalternativetodialysis.[12][13] Theparticularlylooseskinatthebackoftheneckisknownasthescruff,andistheareabywhichamothercatgripsherkittenstocarrythem.Asaresult,catstendtobecomequietandpassivewhengrippedthere.Thisbehavioralsoextendsintoalthood,whenamalewillgrabthefemalebythescrufftoimmobilizeherwhilehemounts,andtopreventherfromrunningawayasthematingprocesstakesplace.[14] Thistechniquecanbeusefulwhenattemptingtotreatormoveanuncooperativecat.However,sinceanaltcatisheavierthanakitten,apetcatshouldneverbecarriedbythescruff,butshouldinsteadhavetheirweightsupportedattherumpandhindlegs,andatthechestandfrontpaws.Often(muchlikeasmallchild)acatwillliewithitsheadandfrontpawsoveraperson'sshoulder,anditsbacklegsandrumpsupportendertheperson'sarm. Senses Mainarticle:Catsenses Catsensesareattunedforhunting.Catshavehighlyadvancedhearing,eyesight,taste,andtouchreceptors,makingthecatextremelysensitiveamongmammals.Cats'nightvisionissuperiortohumansalthoughtheirvisionindaylightisinferior.Humansandcatshaveasimilarrangeofhearingonthelowendofthescale,butcatscanhearmuchhigher-pitchedsounds,uptokHz,whichis1.6octavesabovetherangeofahuman,andevenoneoctaveabovetherangeofadog.[15]Adomesticcat'ssenseofsmellisaboutfourteentimesasstrongasahuman's.[16]Toaidwithnavigationandsensation,catshavedozensofmovablevibrissae(whiskers)overtheirbody,especiallytheirface.Duetoamutationinanearlycatancestor,oneoftwogenesnecessarytotastesweetnessmayhavebeenlostbythecatfamily.[17] 仅仅部分 具体去http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat 自己找
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