诗人雪莱的英文介绍 及代表作的全文
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发布时间：2022-04-22 00:12
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时间：2024-02-28 10:29
雪莱生平（1792-1822）
Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in 1792, into a wealthy Sussex family which eventually attained minor noble rank--the poet's grandfather, a wealthy businessman, received a baronetcy in 1806. Timothy Shelley, the poet's father, was a member of Parliament and a country gentleman. The young Shelley entered Eton, a prestigious school for boys, at the age of twelve. While he was there, he discovered the works of a philosopher named William Godwin, which he consumed passionately and in which he became a fervent believer; the young man wholeheartedly embraced the ideals of liberty and equality espoused by the French Revolution, and devoted his considerable passion and persuasive power to convincing others of the rightness of his beliefs. Entering Oxford in 1810, Shelley was expelled the following spring for his part in authoring a pamphlet entitled The Necessity of Atheism--atheism being an outrageous idea in religiously conservative nineteenth-century England.
At the age of nineteen, Shelley eloped with Harriet Westbrook, the sixteen-year-old daughter of a tavern keeper, whom he married despite his inherent dislike for the tavern. Not long after, he made the personal acquaintance of William Godwin in London, and promptly fell in love with Godwin's daughter Mary Wollstonecraft, whom he was eventually able to marry, and who is now remembered primarily as the author of Frankenstein. In 1816, the Shelleys traveled to Switzerland to meet Lord Byron, the most famous, celebrated, and controversial poet of the era; the two men became close friends. After a time, they formed a circle of English expatriates in Pisa, traveling throughout Italy; ring this time Shelley wrote most of his finest lyric poetry, including the immortal "Ode to the West Wind" and "To a Skylark." In 1822, Shelley drowned while sailing in a storm off the Italian coast. He was not yet thirty years old.
Shelley belongs to the younger generation of English Romantic poets, the generation that came to prominence while William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were settling into middle age. Where the older generation was marked by simple ideals and a reverence for nature, the poets of the younger generation (which also included John Keats and the infamous Lord Byron) came to be known for their sensuous aestheticism, their explorations of intense passions, their political radicalism, and their tragically short lives.
Shelley died when he was twenty-nine, Byron when he was thirty-six, and Keats when he was only twenty-six years old. To an extent, the intensity of feeling emphasized by Romanticism meant that the movement was always associated with youth, and because Byron, Keats, and Shelley died young (and never had the opportunity to sink into conservatism and complacency as Wordsworth did), they have attained iconic status as the representative tragic Romantic artists. Shelley's life and his poetry certainly support such an understanding, but it is important not to inlge in stereotypes to the extent that they obscure a poet's indivial character. Shelley's joy, his magnanimity, his faith in humanity, and his optimism are unique among the Romantics; his expression of those feelings makes him one of the early nineteenth century's most significant writers in English.
雪莱，（Percy Bysshe Shelley，1792～1822）英国著名民主诗人。出身乡村地主家庭，20岁入牛津大学，因写反宗教的哲学论文被学校开除。投身社会后，又因写诗歌鼓动英国人民*及支持爱尔兰民族民主运动，而*于1818年迁居意大利。在意大利，他仍积极支持意大利人民的民族斗争，1822年渡海遇风暴不幸船沉溺死。
雪莱是跟拜伦齐名的欧洲著名浪漫主义诗人。其作品热情而富哲理思辨，诗风自由不羁，常任天上地下、时间空间、神怪精灵往来变幻驰骋，又惯用梦幻象征手法和远古神话题材。其最优秀的作品有评论人间事物的长诗《仙后麦布》(1813)，描写反封建的幻想性抒情故事诗《*的反叛》（1818），控诉曼彻斯特大*的*诗《*的行列》（1819），支持意大利民族斗争的*诗《自由颂》（1820），表现*热情及胜利信念的《西风颂》（1819），以及取材于古希腊神话，表现人民反*胜利后瞻望空想社会主义前景的代表诗剧《了的普罗米修斯》（1819）等。
雪莱浪漫主义理想的终极目标就是创造一个人人享有自由幸福的新世界。他设想自己是日夜飞翔的夭使、飘浮蓝空的云朵、翱翔太空的云雀，乃至深秋季节的西风，是新世界理想的传播者、歌颂者、号召者。他以美丽的语言、丰富的想象描绘了这个新世界的绚丽画面，而且豪迈地预言：“如果冬天已经来临，春天还会远吗？” 因此，恩格斯赞美雪菜是“天才的预言家”。
雪莱代表作《西风颂》
O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
With living hues and odours plain and hill:
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!
II
Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,
Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread
On the blue surface of thine a?ry surge,
Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge
Of the dying year, to which this closing night
Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
Vaulted with all thy congregated might
Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!
III
Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
Lull'd by the coil of his crystàlline streams,
Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
And saw in sleep old palaces and towers
Quivering within the wave's intenser day,
All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou
For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!
IV
If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;
A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share
The impulse of thy strength, only less free
Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
I were as in my boyhood, and could be
The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,
As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!
I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
A heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd
One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
V
Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
What if my leaves are falling like its own!
The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
Like wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth!
And, by the incantation of this verse,
Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
1
哦，犷野的西风，你秋之实体的气息!
由于你无形无影的出现，万木萧疏，
似鬼魅逃避驱魔巫师，蔫黄，魆黑，
苍白，潮红，疫疠摧残的落叶无数，
四散飘舞；哦，你又把有翅的种籽
凌空运送到他们阴暗的越冬床圃；
仿佛是一具具僵卧在坟墓里的尸体，
他们将分别蛰伏，冷落而又凄凉，
直到阳春你蔚蓝的姐妹向梦中的大地
吹响她嘹亮的号角(如同牧放群羊，
驱送香甜的花蕾到空气中觅食就饮)
给高山平原注满生命的色彩和芬芳。
不羁的精灵，你啊，你到处运行；
你破坏，你也保存，听，哦，听!
2
在你的川流上，在*动的高空，
纷乱的乌云，那雨和电的天使，
正像大地凋零枯败的落叶无穷，
挣脱天空和海洋交错缠接的柯枝，
飘流奔泻；在你清虚的波涛表面，
似梅娜德头上扬起的蓬勃青丝，
从那茫茫地平线阴暗的边缘
直到苍穹的绝顶，到处都散布着
迫近的暴风雨飘摇翻腾的发卷。
你啊，垂死残年的挽歌，四合的夜幕
在你聚集的全部水汽威力支撑下，
将构成他那庞大墓穴的拱形顶部。
从你那雄浑磅礴的氛围，将迸发
黑色的雨、火、冰雹；哦，听啊!
3
你，哦，是你把蓝色的地中海
从梦中唤醒，他在一整个夏天
都酣睡在贝伊湾一座浮石岛外，
被澄澈的流水喧哗声催送入眠，
梦见了古代的楼台、塔堡和宫闱，
在澎湃汹涌的波光里不住地抖颤，
全都长满了蔚蓝色苔藓和花卉，
馨香馥郁，如醉的知觉难以描摹。
哦，为了给你让路，大西洋水
豁然开裂，而在浩淼波澜深处，
海底花藻和枝叶无汁的淤泥丛林，
哦，由于把你的呼啸声辨认出，
一时都惨然变色，胆怵心惊，
战栗着自行凋落；听，哦，听!
4
我若是一朵轻捷的浮云，能随你同飞，
我若是一片落叶，能为你所提携，
我若是一重波浪，能喘息于你的神威，
分享你雄强的脉搏，自由不羁，
仅次于，哦，仅次于不可控制的你；
我若能像在少年时，作为伴侣，
随你同游天际，因为在那时节，
似乎超越你天界的神速也不为奇迹；
我也就不至于像现在这样急切，
向你苦苦祈求。哦，快把我飏起，
就像你飏起波浪、浮云、落叶!
我倾覆于人生的荆棘!我在流血!
岁月的重负压制着的这一个太像你，
像你一样，骄傲，不驯，而且敏捷。
5
像你以森林演奏，请也以我为琴，
哪怕我的叶片也像森林的一样凋谢!
你那非凡和谐的慷慨激越之情，
定能从森林和我同奏出深沉的秋乐，
悲怆却又甘洌。但愿你勇猛的精灵
竟是我的魂魄，我能成为剽悍的你!
请把我枯萎的思绪播送宇宙，
就像你驱遣落叶催促新的生命，
请凭借我这韵文写就的符咒，
就像从未灭的余烬飏出炉灰和火星，
把我的话语传遍天地间万户千家，
通过我的嘴唇，向沉睡未醒的人境，
让预言的号角奏鸣!哦，风啊，
冬天如果来了，春天还会远吗?
热心网友
时间：2024-02-28 10:29
Ode to the West Wind<西风颂>
(Percy Bysshe Shelley)
1
O wild West Wind,thou breath of Autumn's being,
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-striken multitudes: O thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
Her charion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
With living hues and odours plain and hill:
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!
2
Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,
Loose cloud like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread
On the blue surface of thine aery surge,
Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge
Of the dying year, to which this closing night
Will be the doom of a vast sepulchre,
Vaulted with all thy congregated might
Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!
3
Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams,
Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
And saw in sleep old palaces and towers
Quivering within the wave's interser day,
All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
So sweet, the sense faints picturing them!Thou
For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
简介(还是很长啊)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1827), English
Romantic poet who rebelled against English
politics and conservative values. Shelley drew no
essential distinction between poetry and
politics, and his work reflected the radical
ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era.
Percy Bysshe Shelley was born on August 4, 1792,
at Field Place, near Horsham in Sussex, into an
aristocratic family. His father, Timothy Shelley,
was a Sussex squire and a member of Parliament.
Shelley attended Syon House Academy and Eton and
in 1810 he entered the Oxford University College.
In 1811 Shelley was expelled from the college for
publishing The Necessity Of Atheism, which he
wrote with Thomas Jefferson Hogg. Shelley's
father withdrew his inheritance in favor of a
small annuity, after he eloped with the 16-year
old Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a London
tavern owner. The pair spent the following two
years traveling in England and Ireland,
distributing pamphlets and speaking against political injustice. In 1813 Shelley published
his first important poem, the atheistic Queen
Mab.
The poet's marriage to Harriet was a failure. In
1814 Shelley traveled abroad with Mary
Wollstonecraft Godwin, the daughter of the
philosopher and anarchist William Godwin (1756-1836). Mary's young stepsister Claire Clairmont
was also in the company. During this journey Shelley wrote an unfinished novella, The
Assassins (1814). Their combined journal, Six
Weeks' Tour, reworked by Mary Shelley, appeared in 1817. After their return to London, Shelley
came into an annual income under his
grandfather's will. Harriet drowned herself in the Serpentine in 1816. Shelley married Mary
Wollstonecraft and his favorite son William was born in 1816.
Shelley spent the summer of 1816 with Lord Byron
at Lake Geneva, where Byron had an affair with Claire. Shelley composed the "Hymn To Intellectual Beauty" and "Mont Blanc". In 1817
Shelley published The Revolt Of Islam and the
much anthologized "Ozymandias" appeared in 1818.
Among Shelley's popular poems are the Odes "To
the West Wind" and "To a Skylark" and Adonais, an
elegy for Keats.
In 1818 the Shelleys moved to Italy, where Byron
was residing. In 1819 they went to Rome and in
1820 to Pisa. Shelley's works from this period
include Julian And Maddalo, an exploration of his
relations with Byron and Prometheus Unbound, a
lyrical drama. The Cenci was a five-act tragedy based on the history of a 16th-century Roman
family, and The Mask Of Anarchy was a political
protest which was written after the Peterloo massacre. In 1822 the Shelley household moved to
the Bay of Lerici. There Shelley began to write The Triumph Of Life.
To welcome his friend Leigh Hunt, he sailed to
Leghorn. During the stormy return voyage to
Lerici, his small schooner the Ariel sank and
Shelley drowned with Edward Williams on July 8,
1822. The bodies were washed ashore at Viareggio,
where, in the presence of Lord Byron and Leigh
Hunt, they were burned on the beach. Shelley was
later buried in Rome.
西风颂
1
哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！
你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫，
有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：
黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，
呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你
以车驾把有翼的种子催送到
黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，
像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，
直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起
她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，
（唤出嫩芽，象羊群一样，觅食空中）
将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行；
破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！
2
没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱，
流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯
脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落
在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面，
有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁，
从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿
直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳
欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年
你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜
将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶，
里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结；
那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌
黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！
3
是你，你将蓝色的地中海唤醒，
而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天，
被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦，
就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边，
它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁
在水天辉映的波影里抖颤，
而且都生满青苔、开满花朵，
那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你
让一条路，大西洋的汹涌的浪波
把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底
那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林
虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力；
听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青：
一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！
4
哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起，
假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾，
是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息，
假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如
你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！
假如我能像在少年时，凌风而舞
便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空
（因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄，
似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今
这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！
我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！
这被岁月的重轭所*的生命
原是和你一样：骄傲、轻捷而不驯。
5
把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林：
尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！
你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐
将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意：
虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，但愿你给予我
狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！
请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落，
让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命！
哦，请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌，
就把我的话语，像是灰烬和火星
从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散！
让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇
把昏睡的大地唤醒吧！要是冬天
已经来了，西风呵，春日怎能遥远？
1819年
查良铮 译
